Matty - when distilled down to its simplest form, the stock market is not the nefarious "philosophy" you portray. Absent all the fluff, it is really no different than you wanting to buy or sell a percentage of your sign business. A shareholder simply owns a percentage of a business. And the value of that percentage is based on what the company earns, owns, and prospects for future earnings - but more importantly, the true value is only what a buyer and seller perceive those assets and earnings to be worth, and can agree on a price.
And that is all the stock market is - a place to bring willing buyers and sellers together with a price at which they are willing to buy or sell. And if/when they both have the same price in mind, you have a market price and a transaction - just like the Real Estate Market, a swap meet, or the Palm Exchange.