Climate comparisons

[amazondk]

I thought that the comparisons between a few of the locations where people live on the forum was interesting.  I would have put Hilo here Honolulu is but it was not on the site where I got the information.  I realize that there is substantial difference between to two locations.

I guess I live in the hottest place among the ones I have posted.  The data was collecte over a 10 year period.

[amazondk]

Here is comparison of Manaus and Fort Lauderdale today, July 8th.  Things are pretty much the same.  The sun just goes down earlier here.  Being on the equator the day is always the same length anyway.

[bgl]

Don,

Interesting comparisons. And temp wise, not that much difference between Hilo and Honolulu. HNL is usually a couple of degrees warmer than Hilo.

Precipitation is a different story, and a BIG difference (Hilo averages 129 inches a year (about 3290 mm, or on average 275 mm per month, even though the average is less during the summer months and more during the winter).

Bo-Göran

[Daryl]

Don, looks like your temps are similar to Darwin, but your rainfall is much more consistent.

[amazondk]

Daryl,

Yes the temperatures are pretty similar.  The rainfall in Darwin is real seasonal with big swings though as you pointed out.  I have some comparisons from the same data base as the first ones I put up for Australia.  Sorry that I did not put Australia in when I did the above.  I thought about it later though.  Here are the main palm people places in Australia.  The dry months here in Manaus are the same as Darwin pretty much just that Darwin is alot drier.  And, January is a lot wetter.

[amazondk]

The site where I got the information above is World Weather

[happ]

This is fun Don & thanks for the wonderful resource [always admired your graphics  

Understandably, similar latitudes share climatic characteristics but also differ.  For example Brisbane is at the same latitude as Tampa but has a much cooler winter than central Florida [more like Los Angeles @ 34N versus 27S in Brisbane  ??? ].  At a lower latitude Perth has a cooler winter than San Diego.

Antarctica factor?

[amazondk]

Happ,

Maybe the difference is more with the effect of ocean currents and water temperatures.  I would imagine that the cold fronts impacting North America would be much greater than Australia or South America for that matter.  Since we have really no variation in the strength of sunlight here and any impact from cold fronts is slight our temperature variations here are pretty much controlled by cloudines during the rainy season.  We do get the very tail end of a cold front once and a while coming from Antarctica this time of year and this normally causes some pretty nasty thunderstorms and the temperature can fall to 70 F or a little under, during the night time.  Amazonia is a major weather generator for South America due to the high levels of humidity it pumps into the air.  

dk

[SubTropicRay]

Hi Don,

If I lived in Manaus, what would I have to complain about?  There is sufficient year round rainfall and no need for a jacket.  I guess there would be the possibility of not catching enough fish?

Ray

[palmmermaid]

Don,

Great comparisons.  Thanks.

Happ,

I think a lot of the differences you noted are due to the impacts of ocean currents.  There is a cold current running along the coast of California that keeps the water cold all year.  Here in Florida, we have the Gulf Stream on the east and the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico on the west.  The west coast of Ireland is much warmer than the east coast due to the same Gulf Stream running along the shore.  Some times people forget how much of an impact the ocean has on the weather, even without hurricanes and typhoons.

[happ]

Kitty & Don

Totally agree about oceanic influence on climate since water covers 70% of the globe    That's part of the inquiry: why would southern Queensland/Western Australia have the same winter as southern California?  ???  

Colder water carries less moisture & stablizes the atmosphere.  That's why the southern mediterrainean climate is dry.  It seems that Perth & Brisbane are more akin to Texas [w/ 9 months of warmth but a fairly cold winter].  What I can't understand is how healthy the palms look in those Aussie regions?  Also, no comparison in what can be grown in Brisbane versus Galveston.  

Wonder if those statistics are somehow miscalculated.  

[elHoagie]

Happ,

I thought about these differences a while ago when I first saw these types of statistics, and I'm pretty sure I know what's going on.

1) San Diego warmer than Perth in winter - this is because of the Santa Ana winds we get.  If it weren't for the occasional VERY warm day due to this compressional heating then the averages in SD would be similar to Perth.

2) Tampa warmer than Brisbane in winter - I think this is because most weather moves west to east at these latitudes.  For Brisbane, this means the air is coming from a relatively cool continent, while in Florida the air is coming from the relatively warm Gulf of Mexico.  Florida gets another boost in warmth from the Gulf Stream, even on the west coast in Tampa.  This is why Galveston, with no Gulf Stream and a continent to the west, has similar average temps to Brisbane.

3) Brisbane similar to LA in winter - Again, I think this is mainly because of the Santa Ana winds we get.  They make the average winter temp here much higher than it "should" be.

What do you think?

Jack

[amazondk]

(Ray @ Tampa,Jul. 09 2007,07:12)

QUOTE

Hi Don,

If I lived in Manaus, what would I have to complain about?  There is sufficient year round rainfall and no need for a jacket.  I guess there would be the possibility of not catching enough fish?

Ray

Ray,

You know what they say, the worst day fishing is better than the best day at the office.  Even though there is moisture all year in the dry months it comes in bursts.  So, a period of 2 to 3 weeks with little of no rain can bake things pretty bad if not watered.  The sun may only be for 12 hours a day, but at equatorial latitudes it is real intense.  In the forest the canopy traps enough moisture that the vegetation stays relatively damp.  

And, if you are not attached and have poor fishing the abundance of brasileiras makes life tolerable.

dk

[Daryl]

(happ @ Jul. 09 2007,15:17)

QUOTE

This is fun Don & thanks for the wonderful resource [always admired your graphics  

Understandably, similar latitudes share climatic characteristics but also differ.  For example Brisbane is at the same latitude as Tampa but has a much cooler winter than central Florida [more like Los Angeles @ 34N versus 27S in Brisbane  ??? ].  At a lower latitude Perth has a cooler winter than San Diego.

Antarctica factor?

Happy, the one thing to consider is that 'average' max and min temp readings don't always tell the whole story.

You also have to consider what happens in between the two temps on a daily basis. For example, Sydney vs Brisbane. On some days the max and min are the same, but the temperature in Brisbane increases very quickly from the minimum, and stays near the maximum for most of the daytime. As the sun sets it cools down again. In Sydney the temperature will rise steadily all day to a peak and then drop off quickly again. If you plotted these on a graph Brisbane would have the same high and low points, but there would be an almost straight line at the top of the graph for daylight hours. Sydney would have a graph shown as a peak like Mt fuji. So even though the absolute max and mins are similar, the temperature for the day would be cooler overall. This would be similar to LA I suspect. The reason why the lower half of queensland has coolish winters is the southern maritime influence, and the massive weather systems south of australia that pump up cool air that then dries as it flows over inland Oz. Cool dry air makes for chilly nights in winter, and combined with air drainage off the great dividing range, this tends to make our winters cool (too cool for my liking!)

You also have to factor in ground temperature, solar heating of surfaces (our winter sun has plenty of kick) and water temperature. These all combine to make a difference over higher lattitude climates.

As for other observations, small increases in average annual temperature are actually quite noticable on a daily basis (hope that makes sense).

I read something a while ago that stated that most of Oz has a cooler climate lattitude for lattitude than any other part of the world. This was relating to 'average' annual temps. Again the theory was the maritime influence combined with a large dry interior. Again, this is why comparing averages is not the best way to understand climate.

Finally, the reason why we can grow lots of palms even with the cooler winter temps is that generally winter does not last very long, and most of the coastal palm growing areas don't freeze (some occasional frost in some areas). Our main problem concerning palms is water, not temperature.

regards,

Daryl.

[amazondk]

Daryl,

In some respects Brazil and Australia are opposites.  Brazil has wet interior and Australia a dry interior.  The height of the Andes I believe is a major factor on climate factors here as well.  There is a cold upwelling current along the east coast of South America.  The water in Rio de Janeiro for example is quite cool.  The ocean does not get warm until north of Vitoria in Espirito Santo state.

Here are some Brazil averages from Florianopolis in the south to Gileno's territory in the north.  And, Rio de Janeiro in between.

Also the averages do not really show the daily temperature various.  We get a lot of 95 to 100 F days here in the month of September.

dk

[Gileno Machado]

(amazondk @ Jul. 09 2007,22:08)

QUOTE

Here are some Brazil averages from Florianopolis in the south to Gileno's territory in the north.  And, Rio de Janeiro in between.

This is a very interesting and informative conversation here.

It's important to notice how the proximity to the ocean, related to the the temperature of the water, does influence directly the local weather pattern. The wind predominant direction in every season of the year usually determines the distribution of the cold fronts but the elevations along the way create natural barriers sometimes and these conditions seem to change accordingly.

Don:

About the comparison with Australia remember that the Northeastern non-Amazonic part of Brazil is not very humid at all, except for the coastal first 70 Km or so, and then we have a huge semi-arid region along 8 States, about the size of some 3 Californias, for scale, with less than 600 mm average of precipitation and in many occasions facing severe drought.

I'm surprised with the Recife precipitation data in this previous chart, averaging 2400 mm. I don't think we have that high mean number of rainy days in December and January here either, but wish we did...

Did you notice the snow in Buenos Ayres today for the first time since 1918?...and it's cold up here now too...at home 22°C (72°F) brrrrrr. Did anyone mention global warming yet?  :cool:

[happ]

(elHoagie @ Jul. 09 2007,13:58)

QUOTE

Happ,

I thought about these differences a while ago when I first saw these types of statistics, and I'm pretty sure I know what's going on.

1) San Diego warmer than Perth in winter - this is because of the Santa Ana winds we get.  If it weren't for the occasional VERY warm day due to this compressional heating then the averages in SD would be similar to Perth.

2) Tampa warmer than Brisbane in winter - I think this is because most weather moves west to east at these latitudes.  For Brisbane, this means the air is coming from a relatively cool continent, while in Florida the air is coming from the relatively warm Gulf of Mexico.  Florida gets another boost in warmth from the Gulf Stream, even on the west coast in Tampa.  This is why Galveston, with no Gulf Stream and a continent to the west, has similar average temps to Brisbane.

3) Brisbane similar to LA in winter - Again, I think this is mainly because of the Santa Ana winds we get.  They make the average winter temp here much higher than it "should" be.

What do you think?

Jack

Jack

Essentially agree but wonder how much "santa ana" winds are a factor in San Diego county.  For example, San Diego area experienced considerably colder air than LA last Jan due to the absence of air flow.  The topographic reason being the formation/direction of the mountains [north/south = San Diego & east/west in Los Angeles.  It is also more mountainous in LA. I am not sure if either Brisbane or Perth observe off-shore/compressional winds.

Your point about extremes in temperature certainly play a role.  Without those Great Basin high pressure events it would be cooler [more like a warmer version of Monterey Bay: sunny/light winds/chilly nights] but high pressure brings mostly warm descending air during winter in middle to low latitudes.  

Most winters involve several santa ana episodes but also diurnal down slope winds occur almost nightly all year and definitely modify/mix the cold air.  Temperatures are relatively uniform along the West Coast w/ occasional heat & less cold than would be experienced at similar latitudes. Ocean temps in San Diego bay basically range from near 60F/15c in winter to 75F/23c in summer.  I am sure the coastal waters of both Perth & Brisbane are much warmer.

San Diego has less winter warmth than LA but is otherwise the mildest climate in California.

Using last January as an example of extreme temps in an otherwise normal coldest month of winter.

Ave Max: 67.7 Norm: 69F/20.5c

Ave Min: 49.1 Norm: 51F/ 10.5c

Highest Max: 87F / Lowest Max: 56F

Highest Min: 61F / Lowest Min: 37F

MaX:

80's = 3 days

70's = 8 days

60's = 16 days

50's = 4 days

Min:

60's = 2 nights

50's = 12 nights

40's = 15 nights

30's = 2 nights

Normally it is not as cold in Jan and in some places it stayed cold for several weeks [esp NorCal] but otherwise it was typical.

The western continental edge allows Pacific air to greatly modify temperatures.  Western Australia is also a mediterranean climate.  So why is Perth so much colder in winter and so much warmer in summer? Anyone!  :laugh:

[amazondk]

Gileno,

Good point as to the dry region of NE Brazil.  This time of year much of the country has very dry air as well, especially in Brasilia and the Central West portions of the country.

Here are the averages for Sao Paulo.  Even though Sao Paulo is approximately the same latitude as Rio de Janeiro at the right about at the Tropic of Capricorn the climate is quite different due to the altitude.  Sao Paulo is about 1000 meters above sea level.  The influene of the cold ocean current is also evident.

And, Brasilia is the dry interior.  Not so much as the Sertão of the North East Brazil, but quite dry.  This is the Cerrado Zone which transitions into the Amazonian forest.  Although the air does not get as dry as the SW USA it gets very dry for Brazilian standards.  Enough to issue health alerts.

[amazondk]

Here is a snapshot of Brazil today.  There is a cold front as Gileno mentions impacting the southern part of the country.  As you can notice it is a still a long way from Manaus.

[amazondk]

(Gileno Machado @ Jul. 09 2007,23:41)

QUOTE

I'm surprised with the Recife precipitation data in this previous chart, averaging 2400 mm. I don't think we have that high mean number of rainy days in December and January here either, but wish we did...

Gileno,

The precipiation data is over a 30 year period , 1961 to 1990 from the INMET, the Brazilian Weather Service.  So, it could be that in the past 10 years some years were different.

dk

[amazondk]

Ray,

I have pretty much elimnated jackets from my wardrobe.  I think I will have to buy one when I go somewhere colder again.  I can't really get my A/C cold enough to need one.  I do have a good rain jacket though.  It can get quite uncomfortable in a boat on the water fishing in a rain storm.

dk

[Bilbo]

Howdy Guys;

Through the wonders of modern technology : how about sending some of your wonderful climates my way?

Regardez

(and wishful thinking)

Juan

[Tyrone]

I just noticed this thread and as Perth has been mentioned a few times I'll pitch in.

San Diego if I'm right is almost on the water. Perth is about 20km inland on the Swan river, and depending which weather service you look at some will take "Perth" readings from Mt Lawley which is the suburbs and some from the airport which is always colder, further inland and doesn't benefit fom any suburban heat trap influences. This will tend to give lower minimums than actual by up to 1 to 2C all through the year. If you take readings from Fremantle on the coast the winter mins bottom out at around 10C (50F), not 8C like the CBD. Also Perth has many more winter rainy days than San Diego, so generally more winter cloud cover and cold fronts which pump cool moist air onto the land. This tends to stabilise the environment and anything under 32F is extremely rare except in weird little pockets which I don't really understand. The lowest the CBD has ever recorded was around 31F last year and was the coldest since 1889. However if the rains tend to fail as they have this year, the July mins can be from 10-12C, and the July max's can be around 20C plus, depending on where you are and this is due to nice sunny and warm days with no cloud cover. Gosnells for example which is a southern suburb has averaged 12C min and a 20C max whereas Brisbane so far has averaged around 8.7C to 21C this month just as a comparison. Of course Brissie is having a cold one so far.

We do get offshore winds here in Perth too, which blow warm NE or not so warm easterlies over Perth and these are very dry too.

Ocean temps at the moment are 20-21C and normally bottom out around 19C and can reach 24C in summer.

Perth can get much hotter on average than even Brisbane in summer which is due to the lower humidity and the land bridge to the Pilbara which is the hottest part of Oz. Hot NE's just send the temp up in summer.

The biggest difference between So Cal and Australia in general is that coastal locations have very stable environments compared to mainland southern USA. There is no land bridge to Antarctica. So we never really see frost in any large amount, and if you plan your garden right, you never will even get close to a frost event.

When it comes to Perth and Brisbane to the Gold Coast too, the location can have widely varying climates. Also, as Daryl said, just looking at max min graphs is a tad misleading. Locations closer to the equator will always warm up quicker even when they've got down close to freezing, than one further away. It's growth degree hours that matter and lower latitudes always have the advantage there.

Best regards

Tyrone

[happ]

Thank you Tyrone  

And why I really appreciate this board    reliable interaction.  Health/maturity of the Perth palms belies a mild climate.

The location of the station can mislead when the data is dissimilar from surrounding areas.  Ex: WorldWx data for LA is the airport that sits on a low mesa above the beach [totally marine].   As you mentioned, San Diego station is a few feet above sea level & a great source of how ocean temps influence climate.  

Keep in mind that my data reflects hilltop conditions [warmest winter minimums].  Between LAX and the foothills represents 10a - 11 gardening zones.  Do Perth and Brisbane have such diversity & many micro-climates?

[Tyrone]

Happ,

Yes Perth has very many microclimates, with areas right on the coast being strong z11. My area is technically z 10A, but with a bit of canopy is a 10b and even a z 11 some years. Eg the coldest temp I've recorded in the garden this winter is 5.5C. So I can grow bottle plams real well. I've also got a A vestiara in the ground, Areca catechu and a Hydriastele wendlandianna, the last two with a bit of a wind break protection, but they're both still growing now. Brisbane I assume is similar in it's variance, but is a superior climate in the main. Daryl or Wal will be better to answer that one than me.

Interestingly the climate up the coast warms up rather quickly. 2 hrs North of me by road is Jurien Bay. It has a year round maximum which is identical to Brisbane and is generally the same with min temps except in Spring where Brisbane is warmer. It's a great climate but very few palms. My friends have a holiday house up there that they want landscaped. I'm going to have a lot of fun. The town doesn't even have one foxtail or Bismarck. They're property is on the main street, so I hope to change things .

regards

Tyrone

[velutina]

Nice comparison!

I always thought living in the Amazon sounded nice, but after seeing those numbers.... WAY to hot and wet for me! Same goes for Miami.

San Diego climate seems ideal. Lots of sun and cool temperatures year round!

(oh and sorry for reviving an old thread. I was searching for a Florida climate map and came across this thread)

[amazondk]

Climates are very interesting indeed. I had forgotten about this thread. I was raised in a very dry climate, Great Falls, Montana. The climate here is much different. But, I am used to it and have no problem with the heat and the humidity. In fact I now think it is a great climate. I never have to think about what to wear when I go out. It is always hot. Some times with rain, sometimes without. And, that is just fine. And, I can really live withouth 30 below zero.

dk

[Tyrone]

I started reading this thread and then realized it was 3 years old. Interesting after having some nights around zero to read my own comments. 2007 was a warm winter after a record cold 2006. My Hydriastele and A vestiara died in 2008/09. I wonder if 2011 will be warm?

Also those Perth figures were taken from Perth airport which has about 2C colder minimums than Perth itself. Most world weather websites seem to pick the airport as the most suitable readings, but for Perth they're quite misleading.

What I failed to mention is the Leeuwin current which runs down the west coast from Indonesia and is strongest in winter. This moderates the temps and depending on it's strength effects our rainfall. If it's weak we get cool and dry in winter. Maybe that's what's wrong now. The ocean temps don't seem to be reflecting a strong current.

Tyrone

[JasonD]

I'm intrigued by the relatively heavy rainfall that Perth and Capetown receive vis-a-vis their Mediterranean-climate counterparts at similar latitudes north of the equator such as San Diego (10in per year) & Los Angeles (14in/year). The same seems true for San Francisco and its latitudinal counterparts occupying west-coast positions in Mediterranean climates.

Valparaiso, Chile, at 33 south, receives 18in per year, which exceeds the rainfall total for the comparable locale in California, Encinitas (11-12in per year), but falls far short of Perth's 30in.

Casablanca, at ~33 north gets ~15in rain per year.

Up at my latitude, ~38 north, we get 22in per year. West-coast Mediterranean-climate, 38 latitude comps are:

Lisbon - 26in/yr

Concepcion, Chile - 43in/yr

Closest comp in Australia, at 35 south (on the south coast, around Cape Leeuwin from the west coast) is:

Albany, Western Australia, with 36in/yr.

[Tyrone]

I'm intrigued by the relatively heavy rainfall that Perth and Capetown receive vis-a-vis their Mediterranean-climate counterparts at similar latitudes north of the equator such as San Diego (10in per year) & Los Angeles (14in/year). The same seems true for San Francisco and its latitudinal counterparts occupying west-coast positions in Mediterranean climates.

Valparaiso, Chile, at 33 south, receives 18in per year, which exceeds the rainfall total for the comparable locale in California, Encinitas (11-12in per year), but falls far short of Perth's 30in.

Casablanca, at ~33 north gets ~15in rain per year.

Up at my latitude, ~38 north, we get 22in per year. West-coast Mediterranean-climate, 38 latitude comps are:

Lisbon - 26in/yr

Concepcion, Chile - 43in/yr

Closest comp in Australia, at 35 south (on the south coast, around Cape Leeuwin from the west coast) is:

Albany, Western Australia, with 36in/yr.

The cold fronts are very powerful down here. Below about 45S there is no real land to slow the big Antarctic circulations and cold fronts down, whereas in the northern hemisphere it's mostly land. So basically in the northern hemipshere it's more likely for a cold front to hit land and drop it's load. Here on the west coast of Oz and Tasmania they slam the coast full throttle. Also the Leeuwin current which is the big tropical current from Indonesia skirts the west coast increasing the ocean temps. Once the cold front hits this warm humid area over the ocean it builds more moisture in the atmosphere and intensifies the rain. Albany also gets this warm current. Albany's rainfall is higher than Perth but it's more of a consistent rainfall although it has a winter maximum (therefore Mediterranean). But Perths winter rainfall is higher than Albany's. We also get faster rainfall levels and stronger storms than down in Albany. Albany has more of a maritime climate.

Although the south west coast of Oz is classified Mediterranean, it is actually different to the real Mediterranean. We are warmer and much wetter.

Now considering these rainfall levels to other Mediterranean climates with Perth being really wet compared to other similarly classified climates, why do we have water restrictions? There was a time when the government were trying to tell us we lived in one of the driest parts of the world. We actually get 50% more rainfall than the south of England including London.

Best regards

Tyrone

[bubba]

Tyrone and Daryl,As it relates to humidity levels, how different are Perth and Brisbane.If Perth is dryer in the summer, how low are the humidity levels at that time.In Brisbane,what is the range of humidity year round and does highest humidity accompany Winter or Summer? Same question for Perth. Thank you

[Daryl]

Bubba,

Brisbane is a subtropical climate with a humid spring, summer and autumn. The winters are usually bone dry with minimal humidity, but it can get warm and humid on occasion, along with lots of rain. The wettest day I ever recorded here was 520mm (21 ") in late June. Spring is more humid with storms, but can be dry some years, although the humidity is higher than winter. Summer and Autumn are the wettest and most humid times of the year. Dewpoints can get up to 26C (79F) in the summer.

(although I live on the Gold Coast, which is more coastal, and generally more humid / higher rainfall than Brisbane which is 50 miles to our NE)

regards,

Daryl

[Tyrone]

Bubba, Perth is pretty much the opposite to Brissie and SE QLD. Perth is at the technical boundary of the dry sub-tropics and the area further south and inland would be considered warm temperate. Collectively the west coast is Mediteranean, but when you get north of the 26th parallel it's arid.Being on the western side of the Australian continent we get strong winter rains that last into spring and then seasonal summer droughts. We average 869mm a year from May to Oct. sometimes we get rains right up into Dec but it's rare. That being said we get the occasional decaying cyclone and Perth's wettest day was 122mm of rain in Feb 1992. Everything went from brown to green overnight back then. I remember it well. Everything flooded as our drainage systems are not designed for that sort of rainfall.

Dewpoints don't vary much across the year. Here are the average figures from the BOM.

July (deep winter) 9am 80% RH 10.3C dewpoint

3pm 57% RH 12.7C dewpoint

February (hottest) 9am 53% RH 12.9C dewpoint

3pm 38% RH 12.7C dewpoint

In the height of summer we occasionally get peak dewpoints as high as 22C, but they normally are between 10-16C. We generally oscillate between periods of high RH to low RH over the period of 7-10 days. This is directly due to the influence of high pressure ridges which pass through the area and change the wind direction through 360 degrees over a 7-10 day cycle. Land breezes (E-NE-N) shoot temps way up and humidity down. NW tend to bring the highest dewpoints and most humid weather as it comes off the warm tropical ocean. Westerlies and SW keep the humidity up too, but the further south the cooler it gets. Southerlies are coolest with a little bit of moisture, SE winds are dry and cool. If a high get's caught in the Great Australian Bight and hangs around too long, the NE's over Perth dry right out and temps stay very high. I saw temps in the 40's C this last summer and negative celcius dewpoints(3-4%RH). Very very bad for tropicals. But this really dry period was followed by a very humid period of 22C dewpoints and morning fog in February. You should have seen all the palms grow inches that night.

Microclimates are essential for good looking tropicals in my area.

Best regards

Tyrone

[bubba]

Daryl and Tyrone, Thank you for an outstanding summary of two of the most benificient climates on the planet!

[Tyrone]

Daryl and Tyrone, Thank you for an outstanding summary of two of the most benificient climates on the planet!

Thanks Bubba. Brisbane and SE QLD's weather is a far better climate than mine for a ton of reasons. I wouldn't call Perth's climate easy on many plants, except natives( and they go dormant and look ratty in summer) and Phoenix and Washies which tend to grow on their own here. Without irrigation you can barely grow natives well. In QLD you can get away with no reticulation and things will thrive. I'm probably a bit harsh on the climate here, because I'm trying to grow a lot of what the QLD boys are growing. I'm always envious of the climate over there.

Best regards

Tyrone

[JASON M]

Well, Honolulu is the only place on that list that you can 100% guarantee will not die in the cold. Or a cyrto.