Palms and countries

[sarasota alex]

I was thinking that from what I know - every species of palms in the world, has at least one place in the US where it can grow. Actually between Hawaii and California, any species can be grown. I'm wondering if there are other countries like that, that have such a variety of environments and climates.

Some candidates I can think of are Australia, Mexico, China, Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia. Any thoughts?

[Walter John]

Beerwah ?

It is so a country...

[bgl]

Thailand is probably high on the list as well.

[Jonathan]

Indonesia, Madagascar, India?

Good range of altitude and precipitation in those three.

[Really full garden]

Guatemala has an incredible range of climates for a small country.Mangroves,jungles,deserts,cloud forest and montane forest with pines and firs.

[amazondk]

The state of Amazonas in Brazil. The higest point in Brazil is here and the majoity of the state is equatorial humid low alitude tropics. In the high altitude the only thing that grows is native. But, if planted many cooler climate species would thrive.

dk

[siafu]

France?

They sure can grow New Caledonian palms to perfection...

I believe the United Kingdom will also top that list...

Edited August 22, 2010 by siafu

[Erik]

Let me add Cameroon. The desert palms can grow in the north; the rainforest palms in the south. Cool climate palms could grow around Buea, up on Mt. Cameroon.

--Erik

P.S. the Limbe Botanic Garden (on the beach) has nice palm collection.

[sarasota alex]

France?

They sure can grow New Caledonian palms to perfection...

I believe the United Kingdom will also top that list...

I'm not sure tropical palms would grown in France or the UK though

[Xenon]

South Africa, Japan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, and Papua New Guinea?

Jonathan

Edited August 23, 2010 by Xenon

[Kailua_Krish]

France?

They sure can grow New Caledonian palms to perfection...

I believe the United Kingdom will also top that list...

I'm not sure tropical palms would grown in France or the UK though

I think they are counting all the island and tropical territories France and the UK own throughout the world.

-Krishna

[siafu]

France?

They sure can grow New Caledonian palms to perfection...

I believe the United Kingdom will also top that list...

I'm not sure tropical palms would grown in France or the UK though

I think they are counting all the island and tropical territories France and the UK own throughout the world.

-Krishna

Yup. We tend to forget those...

[Mike in Nelson]

I think R sapida, Juania australis and some New caledonian species would struggle in many of the above countries. What about Trachicarpus and Ceroxylon?

[John in Andalucia]

I was thinking that from what I know - every species of palms in the world, has at least one place in the US where it can grow. Actually between Hawaii and California, any species can be grown. I'm wondering if there are other countries like that, that have such a variety of environments and climates.

Some candidates I can think of are Australia, Mexico, China, Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia. Any thoughts?

Alex, by including Hawaii, every other continent and country's political boundaries are eligible in your comparison. For example, a map of British overseas territories: http://en.wikipedia....of_the_BOTs.svg

These territories may exist under separate governments, but their citizens hold British citizenship, same as Hawaiians hold US citizenship.

If you consider the overseas territories of France, Belgium, Germany, Holland and Italy as an example, it already covers the entire globe.

The US administers it's own dependent territories too: http://upload.wikime...sular_areas.png Do you include these? Hawaii was once an overseas territory until 1959.

[Wanderanwills]

Hawaii would have to be one of the best spots as one location, it has so many varied environments in such a small area, high rainfall, low rainfall dry locations, high altitude, lowland and sea influences. A myriad of palms can be grown there, whether all palm species can is a matter of debate?

Regards

Stephen

[Jonathan]

I think R sapida, Juania australis and some New caledonian species would struggle in many of the above countries. What about Trachicarpus and Ceroxylon?

At high altitude in the tropics even those species might find a niche. Ceroxylon reaches its peak of diversity as a genus at 1800 - 2500m ASL bang on the equator in Ecaudor. We know that where you can grow Ceroxylon you can, within reason, grow Rhopies and the others, so I cant see a problem there.

In fact I nominate Ecuador as the ultimate palm growing country in the world - it has every kind of palm fiendly climate and terrain imaginable from humid tropical lowlands in the Amazon to misty Andean cloud forest and also an arid coastal strip suitable for desert species, all within a very compact area. Here is a quote from The Palms of Ecuador Online website: "Mainland Ecuador has 31 genera and 129 native species of palms in an area of ca. 279,000 km2. In comparison, the whole Amazon region has 151 species belonging to 34 genera in an area covering 6.5 million km2, or 25 times that of Ecuador. The palm flora of Ecuador corresponds roughly to 20% of all species estimated for the Americas."

Cheers,

Jonathan

[Jeff Searle]

I think R sapida, Juania australis and some New caledonian species would struggle in many of the above countries. What about Trachicarpus and Ceroxylon?

At high altitude in the tropics even those species might find a niche. Ceroxylon reaches its peak of diversity as a genus at 1800 - 2500m ASL bang on the equator in Ecaudor. We know that where you can grow Ceroxylon you can, within reason, grow Rhopies and the others, so I cant see a problem there.

In fact I nominate Ecuador as the ultimate palm growing country in the world - it has every kind of palm fiendly climate and terrain imaginable from humid tropical lowlands in the Amazon to misty Andean cloud forest and also an arid coastal strip suitable for desert species, all within a very compact area. Here is a quote from The Palms of Ecuador Online website: "Mainland Ecuador has 31 genera and 129 native species of palms in an area of ca. 279,000 km2. In comparison, the whole Amazon region has 151 species belonging to 34 genera in an area covering 6.5 million km2, or 25 times that of Ecuador. The palm flora of Ecuador corresponds roughly to 20% of all species estimated for the Americas."

Cheers,

Jonathan

I would certainly agree on Ecuador, I onced traveled there back in the mid 90's. I did travel from the lowland rainforest and through the Andes and then back. It does have a wide range of climates.

I also think Madagascar would rank up at the top as well.

[Kumar]

I think R sapida, Juania australis and some New caledonian species would struggle in many of the above countries. What about Trachicarpus and Ceroxylon?

At high altitude in the tropics even those species might find a niche. Ceroxylon reaches its peak of diversity as a genus at 1800 - 2500m ASL bang on the equator in Ecaudor. We know that where you can grow Ceroxylon you can, within reason, grow Rhopies and the others, so I cant see a problem there.

In fact I nominate Ecuador as the ultimate palm growing country in the world - it has every kind of palm fiendly climate and terrain imaginable from humid tropical lowlands in the Amazon to misty Andean cloud forest and also an arid coastal strip suitable for desert species, all within a very compact area. Here is a quote from The Palms of Ecuador Online website: "Mainland Ecuador has 31 genera and 129 native species of palms in an area of ca. 279,000 km2. In comparison, the whole Amazon region has 151 species belonging to 34 genera in an area covering 6.5 million km2, or 25 times that of Ecuador. The palm flora of Ecuador corresponds roughly to 20% of all species estimated for the Americas."

Cheers,

Jonathan

I would certainly agree on Ecuador, I onced traveled there back in the mid 90's. I did travel from the lowland rainforest and through the Andes and then back. It does have a wide range of climates.

I also think Madagascar would rank up at the top as well.

Ecudaor and Madagascar might have the highest diversities but that is different from being friendly to the largest varieties of palms. As an example, most of the South Asian countries in and around the subcontinent have probably the largest variety of climatic / rainfall / soil zones but for evolutionary reasons have had a small number of palm genera that has remained stable over time. If cultivated, most of these regions and I mean India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand could probably be well suited for nearly all genera. My point is that lack of diversity today may have nothing to do with suitability of climate / soil.

[Jonathan]

I think R sapida, Juania australis and some New caledonian species would struggle in many of the above countries. What about Trachicarpus and Ceroxylon?

At high altitude in the tropics even those species might find a niche. Ceroxylon reaches its peak of diversity as a genus at 1800 - 2500m ASL bang on the equator in Ecaudor. We know that where you can grow Ceroxylon you can, within reason, grow Rhopies and the others, so I cant see a problem there.

In fact I nominate Ecuador as the ultimate palm growing country in the world - it has every kind of palm fiendly climate and terrain imaginable from humid tropical lowlands in the Amazon to misty Andean cloud forest and also an arid coastal strip suitable for desert species, all within a very compact area. Here is a quote from The Palms of Ecuador Online website: "Mainland Ecuador has 31 genera and 129 native species of palms in an area of ca. 279,000 km2. In comparison, the whole Amazon region has 151 species belonging to 34 genera in an area covering 6.5 million km2, or 25 times that of Ecuador. The palm flora of Ecuador corresponds roughly to 20% of all species estimated for the Americas."

Cheers,

Jonathan

I would certainly agree on Ecuador, I onced traveled there back in the mid 90's. I did travel from the lowland rainforest and through the Andes and then back. It does have a wide range of climates.

I also think Madagascar would rank up at the top as well.

Ecudaor and Madagascar might have the highest diversities but that is different from being friendly to the largest varieties of palms. As an example, most of the South Asian countries in and around the subcontinent have probably the largest variety of climatic / rainfall / soil zones but for evolutionary reasons have had a small number of palm genera that has remained stable over time. If cultivated, most of these regions and I mean India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand could probably be well suited for nearly all genera. My point is that lack of diversity today may have nothing to do with suitability of climate / soil.

I would argue the complete reverse Kumar. Lack of diversity today would seem to very explicitly point to lack of climatatic suitability. Like India, Australia has a huge land area largely within subtropical and tropical latitudes, which should be suitable for a diverse plam flora - but the reality is that most of the continent is far too dry to support palms. So we have a relatively low number of species (60) compared to our land area. Fossil records show that Australia previously had a much wetter climate and probably a more diverse palm flora, the modern genera are either relict, or very well adapted.

India's climate is heavily influenced by the annual monsoon isn't it? The long periods of dry weather between monsoons severely limits the range of genera that can survive there, exactly as in Northern Australia, which has a similar climate.

Therefore drought tolerant palms like Livistona, Phoenix, etc, can survive, but the wet tropical species (the huge majority)cant. SE Asia and Indonesia have probably the highest diversity of palm species in the world, along with tropical America, and its mainly due to a more evenly distributed rainfall pattern, which is the prefered climate for most palms.

Thats how I read it anyway.

Cheers,

Jonathan

[JasonD]

I think R sapida, Juania australis and some New caledonian species would struggle in many of the above countries. What about Trachicarpus and Ceroxylon?

Yeah, similarly I was thinking it would be hard to grow a Brahea edulis or Jubaea in China, but maybe somewhere dry-ish in the mountains of the south? Also, including Taiwan with China helps with the likes of Ceroxylon.

[PalmsZA]

Too dry here too for most, lots of different climates though.

[peachy]

Kenya would have a great diversity of climatic regions and adequate rainfall in all areas to support many, if not all species.

Peachy

[Kumar]

I would argue the complete reverse Kumar. Lack of diversity today would seem to very explicitly point to lack of climatatic suitability. Like India, Australia has a huge land area largely within subtropical and tropical latitudes, which should be suitable for a diverse plam flora - but the reality is that most of the continent is far too dry to support palms. So we have a relatively low number of species (60) compared to our land area. Fossil records show that Australia previously had a much wetter climate and probably a more diverse palm flora, the modern genera are either relict, or very well adapted.

India's climate is heavily influenced by the annual monsoon isn't it? The long periods of dry weather between monsoons severely limits the range of genera that can survive there, exactly as in Northern Australia, which has a similar climate.

Therefore drought tolerant palms like Livistona, Phoenix, etc, can survive, but the wet tropical species (the huge majority)cant. SE Asia and Indonesia have probably the highest diversity of palm species in the world, along with tropical America, and its mainly due to a more evenly distributed rainfall pattern, which is the prefered climate for most palms.

Thats how I read it anyway.

Cheers,

Jonathan

It is possible to have an ecological niche that supports a species but the species has an insurmountable barrier keeping it out - usually physical. While monsoon rainfall is closely identified with india, there are plenty of places that get substantiall winter rainfall (the so called winter monsoon). The windward side of Meghalaya plateau, Coorg, Nilgiris and parts of coastal Tamil Nadu fall in this category. And yet ultra tropical palms may not be able to cross the drier zones that enclose these areas. This applies to many new world families like bromeliads and cactii - these were never found here due to geographical barriers but once introduced they're doing remarkably well.

But diversity is not water-loving palms alone. Even many arid palms (Hyphanae / sabal) may simply not get a chance to gain a foothold if that niche is already colonised by another palm. In fact two of the prevalent palms here - Phoenix Sylvestis, Borassus are exceptionally hardy in both conditions of rain and drought and perhaps they prevent other types from establishing themselves.

[AggiePalms]

All good choices, but I have to go with Mexico, it has everything in Central America plus the very high/dry plateaus, cloud forests, tropical lowland and montane forests, semi-Mediteranean, mangroves, and a palm diversity that hasn't been truly studied overall. Huge areas with very high concentrations of individual species. And, throw in the cycad species just for fun, it can't be beat.

[Jonathan]

I would argue the complete reverse Kumar. Lack of diversity today would seem to very explicitly point to lack of climatatic suitability. Like India, Australia has a huge land area largely within subtropical and tropical latitudes, which should be suitable for a diverse plam flora - but the reality is that most of the continent is far too dry to support palms. So we have a relatively low number of species (60) compared to our land area. Fossil records show that Australia previously had a much wetter climate and probably a more diverse palm flora, the modern genera are either relict, or very well adapted.

India's climate is heavily influenced by the annual monsoon isn't it? The long periods of dry weather between monsoons severely limits the range of genera that can survive there, exactly as in Northern Australia, which has a similar climate.

Therefore drought tolerant palms like Livistona, Phoenix, etc, can survive, but the wet tropical species (the huge majority)cant. SE Asia and Indonesia have probably the highest diversity of palm species in the world, along with tropical America, and its mainly due to a more evenly distributed rainfall pattern, which is the prefered climate for most palms.

Thats how I read it anyway.

Cheers,

Jonathan

It is possible to have an ecological niche that supports a species but the species has an insurmountable barrier keeping it out - usually physical. While monsoon rainfall is closely identified with india, there are plenty of places that get substantiall winter rainfall (the so called winter monsoon). The windward side of Meghalaya plateau, Coorg, Nilgiris and parts of coastal Tamil Nadu fall in this category. And yet ultra tropical palms may not be able to cross the drier zones that enclose these areas. This applies to many new world families like bromeliads and cactii - these were never found here due to geographical barriers but once introduced they're doing remarkably well.

But diversity is not water-loving palms alone. Even many arid palms (Hyphanae / sabal) may simply not get a chance to gain a foothold if that niche is already colonised by another palm. In fact two of the prevalent palms here - Phoenix Sylvestis, Borassus are exceptionally hardy in both conditions of rain and drought and perhaps they prevent other types from establishing themselves.

All good points Kumar, geography has to play a role for sure, as does competition. It's interesting how islands often have huge species diversity, out of all proportion to their landmass - Dypsis in Madagascar, Basselinia in New Caladonia, Pritchardia in Hawaii - based on one common ancestor. Having a perfect climate certainly seems to help.

India has plenty of diversity in flora and fauna in general, as does Australia, we just both missed the mega rich palm flora boat - probably by a few million years, unfortunately. We have 800 species of Eucalyptus instead, although they dont seem half as exotic!

Cheers,

Jonathan

[pilou]

Thailand.. it's not so bad :-)

Pilou / http://asie.online.fr/palmiers/index-palmiers.html

[Gileno Machado]

Hi all,

Sorry to reply in this thread, but I've just come across the new and updated list of the Palms native to Brazil, published by a group of 400 taxonomists, who also managed to finally update all 40,988 plants of our local flora, up to the moment. According to the study, the world's most biodiverse ecosystem is the Brazilian coastal Atlantic Forest (and not the Amazonic rainforest, as I early imagined). Our "Mata Atlântica" has over 20,000 different accepted botanic species, even after 500 years of destruction, unfortunetly...

Here's the link for the search engine: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010/

and here's the updated list for the native 266 species of Palms, in 39 genera:

Amazônia, Caatinga, Cerrado, Mata Atlântica, Pampa, Pantanal

distribuição geográfica no Brasil

Norte (Roraima, Amapá, Pará, Amazonas, Tocantins, Acre, Rondônia), Nordeste (Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia, Alagoas, Sergipe), Centro-Oeste (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul), Sudeste (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro), Sul (Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul)

sinopse para todo o Brasil

aceitos endêmicos sinônimos

gêneros 39 4 3

espécies 266 111 27

subespécies 0 0 0

variedades 41 1 6

gêneros

Acrocomia Mart., Aiphanes Willd., Allagoptera Nees, Aphandra Barfod, Astrocaryum G.Mey., Attalea Kunth, Bactris Jacq. ex Scop., Barcella (Trail) Drude, Butia Becc., Chamaedorea Willd., Chelyocarpus Dammer, Cocos, Copernicia Mart. ex Endl., Desmoncus Mart., Dictyocaryum H.Wendl., Elaeis Jacq., Euterpe Mart., Geonoma Willd., Hyospathe Mart., Iriartea Ruiz & Pav., Iriartella H.Wendl., Itaya H.E.Moore, Leopoldinia Mart., Lepidocaryum Mart., Lytocaryum Toledo, Manicaria Gaertn., Mauritia L.f., Mauritiella Burret, Oenocarpus Mart., Pholidostachys H.Wendl. ex Hook.f., Phytelephas Ruiz & Pav., Polyandrococos Barb.Rodr., Prestoea Hook.f., Raphia P.Beauv., Socratea H.Karst., Syagrus Mart., Trithrinax Mart., Wendlandiella Dammer, Wettinia Poepp. ex Endl.

como citar

Leitman, P., Henderson, A., Noblick, L. 2010. Arecaceae in Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. (http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010/FB000053).

Arecaceae Acrocomia Mart.

Arecaceae Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart.

Arecaceae Acrocomia emensis (Toledo) Lorenzi

Arecaceae Acrocomia glaucescens Lorenzi

Arecaceae Acrocomia hassleri (Barb.Rodr.) W.J.Hahn

Arecaceae Acrocomia intumescens Drude

Arecaceae Acrocomia totai Mart.

Arecaceae Aiphanes Willd.

Arecaceae Aiphanes aculeata Willd.

Arecaceae Aiphanes deltoidea Burret

Arecaceae Aiphanes ulei (Dammer) Burret

Arecaceae Allagoptera Nees

Arecaceae Allagoptera arenaria (Gomes) Kuntze

Arecaceae Allagoptera brevicalyx Moraes

Arecaceae Allagoptera campestris (Mart.) Kuntze

Arecaceae Allagoptera leucocalyx (Drude) Kuntze

Arecaceae Aphandra Barfod

Arecaceae Aphandra natalia (Balslev & A.J.Hend.) Barfod

Arecaceae Astrocaryum G.Mey.

Arecaceae Astrocaryum acaule Mart.

Arecaceae Astrocaryum aculeatissimum (Schott) Burret

Arecaceae Astrocaryum aculeatum G.Mey.

Arecaceae Astrocaryum campestre Mart.

Arecaceae Astrocaryum chambira Burret

Arecaceae Astrocaryum echinatum Barb.Rodr.

Arecaceae Astrocaryum faranae F.Kahn & E.Ferreira

Arecaceae Astrocaryum farinosum Barb.Rodr.

Arecaceae Astrocaryum giganteum Barb.Rodr.

Arecaceae Astrocaryum gynacanthum Mart.

Arecaceae Astrocaryum huaimi Mart.

Arecaceae Astrocaryum jauari Mart.

Arecaceae Astrocaryum javarense Trail ex Drude

Arecaceae Astrocaryum minus Trail

Arecaceae Astrocaryum murumuru Mart.

Arecaceae Astrocaryum murumuru var. ciliatum (F.Kahn & B. Millán) A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Astrocaryum murumuru var. ferrugineum (F.Kahn & B.Millán) A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Astrocaryum murumuru Mart. var. murumuru

Arecaceae Astrocaryum paramaca Mart.

Arecaceae Astrocaryum rodriguesii Trail

Arecaceae Astrocaryum sciophilum (Miq.) Pulle

Arecaceae Astrocaryum sociale Barb.Rodr.

Arecaceae Astrocaryum ulei Burret

Arecaceae Astrocaryum vulgare Mart.

Arecaceae Attalea Kunth

Arecaceae Attalea anisitsiana (Barb.Rodr.) Zona

Arecaceae Attalea apoda Burret

Arecaceae Attalea attaleoides (Barb.Rodr.) Wess.Boer

Arecaceae Attalea barreirensis Glassman

Arecaceae Attalea brasiliensis Glassman

Arecaceae Attalea brejinhoensis (Glassman) Zona

Arecaceae Attalea burretiana Bondar

Arecaceae Attalea butyracea (Mutis ex L.f.) Wess. Boer

Arecaceae Attalea compta Mart.

Arecaceae Attalea dahlgreniana (Bondar) Wess.Boer

Arecaceae Attalea dubia (Mart.) Burret

Arecaceae Attalea eichleri (Drude) A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Attalea exigua Drude

Arecaceae Attalea funifera Mart.

Arecaceae Attalea geraensis Barb.Rodr.

Arecaceae Attalea huebneri (Burret) Zona

Arecaceae Attalea humilis Mart.

Arecaceae Attalea insignis (Mart.) Drude

Arecaceae Attalea luetzelburgii (Burret) Wess.Boer

Arecaceae Attalea maripa (Aubl.) Mart.

Arecaceae Attalea microcarpa Mart.

Arecaceae Attalea oleifera Barb.Rodr.

Arecaceae Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng.

Arecaceae Attalea pindobassu Bondar

Arecaceae Attalea racemosa Spruce

Arecaceae Attalea seabrensis Glassman

Arecaceae Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng.

Arecaceae Attalea spectabilis Mart.

Arecaceae Attalea tessmannii Burret

Arecaceae Attalea vitrivir Zona

Arecaceae Bactris Jacq. ex Scop.

Arecaceae Bactris acanthocarpa Mart.

Arecaceae Bactris acanthocarpa Mart. var. acanthocarpa

Arecaceae Bactris acanthocarpa var. exscapa Barb.Rodr.

Arecaceae Bactris acanthocarpa var. intermedia A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Bactris acanthocarpa var. trailiana (Barb.Rodr.) A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Bactris acanthocarpoides Barb.Rodr.

Arecaceae Bactris aubletiana Trail

Arecaceae Bactris bahiensis Noblick ex A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Bactris balanophora Spruce

Arecaceae Bactris bidentula Spruce

Arecaceae Bactris bifida Mart.

Arecaceae Bactris brongniartii Mart.

Arecaceae Bactris campestris Poepp.

Arecaceae Bactris caryotifolia Mart.

Arecaceae Bactris chaveziae A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Bactris concinna Mart.

Arecaceae Bactris constanciae Barb.Rodr.

Arecaceae Bactris corossilla H.Karst.

Arecaceae Bactris cuspidata Mart.

Arecaceae Bactris elegans Barb.Rodr.

Arecaceae Bactris ferruginea Burret

Arecaceae Bactris fissifrons Mart.

Arecaceae Bactris gasipaes Kunth

Arecaceae Bactris gasipaes var. chichagui (H.Karst.) A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Bactris gasipaes Kunth var. gasipaes

Arecaceae Bactris gastoniana Barb.Rodr.

Arecaceae Bactris glassmanii Med.-Costa & Noblick ex A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Bactris glaucescens Drude

Arecaceae Bactris halmoorei A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Bactris hatschbachii Noblick ex A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Bactris hirta Mart.

Arecaceae Bactris hirta Mart. var. hirta

Arecaceae Bactris hirta var. lakoi (Burret) A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Bactris horridispatha Noblick ex A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Bactris killipii Burret

Arecaceae Bactris macroacantha Mart.

Arecaceae Bactris major Jacq.

Arecaceae Bactris major var. infesta (Mart.) Drude

Arecaceae Bactris major Jacq. var. major

Arecaceae Bactris maraja Mart.

Arecaceae Bactris maraja var. chaetospatha (Mart.) A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Bactris maraja var. juruensis (Trail) A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Bactris maraja Mart. var. maraja

Arecaceae Bactris maraja var. trichospatha (Trail) A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Bactris martiana A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Bactris oligocarpa Barb.Rodr. & Trail

Arecaceae Bactris pickelii Burret

Arecaceae Bactris pliniana Granv. & A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Bactris rhaphidacantha Wess.Boer

Arecaceae Bactris riparia Mart.

Arecaceae Bactris schultesii (L.H.Bailey) Glassman

Arecaceae Bactris setosa Mart.

Arecaceae Bactris simplicifrons Mart.

Arecaceae Bactris soeiroana Noblick ex A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Bactris sphaerocarpa Trail

Arecaceae Bactris syagroides Barb.Rodr. & Trail

Arecaceae Bactris tefensis A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Bactris timbuiensis H.Q.B.Fern.

Arecaceae Bactris tomentosa Mart.

Arecaceae Bactris turbinocarpa Barb.Rodr.

Arecaceae Bactris vulgaris Barb.Rodr.

Arecaceae Barcella (Trail) Drude

Arecaceae Barcella odora (Trail) Drude

Arecaceae Butia Becc.

Arecaceae Butia archeri (Glassman) Glassman

Arecaceae Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc.

Arecaceae Butia catarinensis Noblick & Lorenzi

Arecaceae Butia eriospatha (Mart. ex Drude) Becc.

Arecaceae Butia exospadix Noblick

Arecaceae Butia lallemantii Deble & Marchiori

Arecaceae Butia leiospatha (Barb.Rodr.) Becc.

Arecaceae Butia lepidotispatha Noblick & Lorenzi

Arecaceae Butia leptospatha (Burret) Noblick

Arecaceae Butia marmorii Noblick

Arecaceae Butia matogrossensis Noblick & Lorenzi

Arecaceae Butia microspadix Burret

Arecaceae Butia odorata (Barb.Rodr.) Noblick & Lorenzi

Arecaceae Butia paraguayensis (Barb.Rodr.) Bailey

Arecaceae Butia pubispatha Noblick & Lorenzi

Arecaceae Butia purpurascens Glassman

Arecaceae Butia yatay (Mart.) Becc.

Arecaceae Chamaedorea Willd.

Arecaceae Chamaedorea angustisecta Burret

Arecaceae Chamaedorea pauciflora Mart.

Arecaceae Chamaedorea pinnatifrons (Jacq.) Oerst.

Arecaceae Chelyocarpus Dammer

Arecaceae Chelyocarpus chuco (Mart.) H.E.Moore

Arecaceae Chelyocarpus ulei Dammer

Arecaceae Cocos

Arecaceae Cocos nucifera L.

Arecaceae Copernicia Mart. ex Endl.

Arecaceae Copernicia alba Morong ex Morong & Britton

Arecaceae Copernicia prunifera (Mill.) H.E.Moore

Arecaceae Desmoncus Mart.

Arecaceae Desmoncus giganteus A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Desmoncus leptospadix Mart.

Arecaceae Desmoncus mitis Mart.

Arecaceae Desmoncus mitis var. leptoclonos (Drude) A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Desmoncus mitis Mart. var. mitis

Arecaceae Desmoncus mitis var. tenerrimus (Mart. ex Drude) A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Desmoncus orthacanthos Mart.

Arecaceae Desmoncus phoenicocarpus Barb.Rodr.

Arecaceae Desmoncus polyacanthos Mart.

Arecaceae Desmoncus polyacanthos Mart. var. polyacanthos

Arecaceae Dictyocaryum H.Wendl.

Arecaceae Dictyocaryum ptarianum (Steyerm.) H.E.Moore & Steyerm.

Arecaceae Elaeis Jacq.

Arecaceae Elaeis guineensis Jacq.

Arecaceae Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortés

Arecaceae Euterpe Mart.

Arecaceae Euterpe catinga Wallace

Arecaceae Euterpe catinga Wallace var. catinga

Arecaceae Euterpe catinga var. roraimae (Dammer) A.J.Hend. & Galeano

Arecaceae Euterpe edulis Mart.

Arecaceae Euterpe longibracteata Barb.Rodr.

Arecaceae Euterpe oleracea Mart.

Arecaceae Euterpe precatoria Mart.

Arecaceae Euterpe precatoria var. longevaginata (Mart.) A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Euterpe precatoria Mart. var. precatoria

Arecaceae Geonoma Willd.

Arecaceae Geonoma appuniana Spruce

Arecaceae Geonoma arundinacea Mart.

Arecaceae Geonoma aspidiifolia Spruce

Arecaceae Geonoma baculifera (Poit.) Kunth

Arecaceae Geonoma bifurca Drude & H.Wendl.

Arecaceae Geonoma brevispatha Barb.Rodr.

Arecaceae Geonoma brevispatha Barb.Rodr. var. brevispatha

Arecaceae Geonoma brevispatha var. occidentalis A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Geonoma brongniartii Mart.

Arecaceae Geonoma camana Trail

Arecaceae Geonoma deversa (Poit.) Kunth

Arecaceae Geonoma elegans Mart.

Arecaceae Geonoma fiscellaria Mart. ex Drude

Arecaceae Geonoma gamiova Barb.Rodr.

Arecaceae Geonoma gastoniana Glaz. ex Drude

Arecaceae Geonoma interrupta (Ruiz & Pav.) Mart.

Arecaceae Geonoma interrupta var. euspatha (Burret) A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Geonoma interrupta (Ruiz & Pav.) Mart. var. interrupta

Arecaceae Geonoma kuhlmannii Burret

Arecaceae Geonoma laxiflora Mart.

Arecaceae Geonoma leptospadix Trail

Arecaceae Geonoma macrostachys Mart.

Arecaceae Geonoma maxima (Poit.) Kunth

Arecaceae Geonoma maxima var. ambigua (Spruce) A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Geonoma maxima var. chelidonura (Spruce) A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Geonoma maxima (Poit.) Kunth var. maxima

Arecaceae Geonoma maxima var. spixiana (Mart.) A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Geonoma oldemanii Granv.

Arecaceae Geonoma oligoclona Trail

Arecaceae Geonoma pauciflora Mart.

Arecaceae Geonoma poeppigiana Mart.

Arecaceae Geonoma pohliana Mart.

Arecaceae Geonoma poiteauana Kunth

Arecaceae Geonoma rodeiensis Barb.Rodr.

Arecaceae Geonoma rubescens H.Wendl.

Arecaceae Geonoma schottiana Mart.

Arecaceae Geonoma stricta (Poit.) Kunth

Arecaceae Geonoma stricta var. piscicauda (Dammer) A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Geonoma stricta (Poit.) Kunth var. stricta

Arecaceae Geonoma stricta var. trailii (Burret) A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Geonoma trinervis Drude & H.Wendl.

Arecaceae Geonoma umbraculiformis Wess.Boer

Arecaceae Geonoma wittigiana Glaz. ex Drude

Arecaceae Hyospathe Mart.

Arecaceae Hyospathe elegans Mart.

Arecaceae Iriartea Ruiz & Pav.

Arecaceae Iriartea deltoidea Ruiz & Pav.

Arecaceae Iriartella H.Wendl.

Arecaceae Iriartella setigera (Mart.) H.Wendl.

Arecaceae Iriartella stenocarpa Burret

Arecaceae Itaya H.E.Moore

Arecaceae Itaya amicorum H.E.Moore

Arecaceae Leopoldinia Mart.

Arecaceae Leopoldinia major Wallace

Arecaceae Leopoldinia piassaba Wallace

Arecaceae Leopoldinia pulchra Mart.

Arecaceae Lepidocaryum Mart.

Arecaceae Lepidocaryum tenue Mart.

Arecaceae Lepidocaryum tenue var. casiquiarense (Spruce) A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Lepidocaryum tenue var. gracile (Mart.) A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Lepidocaryum tenue Mart. var. tenue

Arecaceae Lytocaryum Toledo

Arecaceae Lytocaryum hoehnei (Burret) Toledo

Arecaceae Lytocaryum insigne (Drude) Toledo

Arecaceae Lytocaryum itapebiensis Noblick & Lorenzi

Arecaceae Lytocaryum weddellianum (H.Wendl.) Toledo

Arecaceae Manicaria Gaertn.

Arecaceae Manicaria saccifera Gaertn.

Arecaceae Mauritia L.f.

Arecaceae Mauritia carana Wallace

Arecaceae Mauritia flexuosa L.f.

Arecaceae Mauritiella Burret

Arecaceae Mauritiella aculeata (Kunth) Burret

Arecaceae Mauritiella armata (Mart.) Burret

Arecaceae Mauritiella martiana (Spruce) Bureau

Arecaceae Oenocarpus Mart.

Arecaceae Oenocarpus altissima Klotzsch

Arecaceae Oenocarpus bacaba Mart.

Arecaceae Oenocarpus balickii F.Kahn

Arecaceae Oenocarpus bataua Mart.

Arecaceae Oenocarpus bataua Mart. var. bataua

Arecaceae Oenocarpus circumtextus Mart.

Arecaceae Oenocarpus distichus Mart.

Arecaceae Oenocarpus makeru R.Bernal et al.

Arecaceae Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst.

Arecaceae Oenocarpus minor Mart.

Arecaceae Oenocarpus simplex R.Bernal et al.

Arecaceae Pholidostachys H.Wendl. ex Hook.f.

Arecaceae Pholidostachys synanthera (Mart.) H.E.Moore

Arecaceae Phytelephas Ruiz & Pav.

Arecaceae Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.

Arecaceae Polyandrococos Barb.Rodr.

Arecaceae Polyandrococos caudescens (Mart.) Barb.Rodr.

Arecaceae Prestoea Hook.f.

Arecaceae Prestoea schultzeana (Burret) H.E.Moore

Arecaceae Prestoea tenuiramosa (Dammer) H.E.Moore

Arecaceae Raphia P.Beauv.

Arecaceae Raphia taedigera (Mart.) Mart.

Arecaceae Socratea H.Karst.

Arecaceae Socratea exorrhiza (Mart.) H.Wendl.

Arecaceae Socratea salazarii H.E.Moore

Arecaceae Syagrus Mart.

Arecaceae Syagrus allagopteroides Noblick & Lorenzi

Arecaceae Syagrus angustifolia Noblick & Lorenzi

Arecaceae Syagrus botryophora Mart.

Arecaceae Syagrus caerulescens Noblick & Lorenzi

Arecaceae Syagrus campestris (Mart.) Bomhard

Arecaceae Syagrus campylospatha (Barb.Rodr.) Becc.

Arecaceae Syagrus cearensis Noblick

Arecaceae Syagrus cerqueirana Noblick & Lorenzi

Arecaceae Syagrus cocoides Mart.

Arecaceae Syagrus comosa (Mart.) Mart.

Arecaceae Syagrus coronata (Mart.) Becc.

Arecaceae Syagrus deflexa Noblick & Lorenzi

Arecaceae Syagrus duartei Glassman

Arecaceae Syagrus evansiana Noblick

Arecaceae Syagrus flexuosa (Mart.) Becc.

Arecaceae Syagrus glaucescens Glaz. ex Becc.

Arecaceae Syagrus glaziouviana (Dammer) Becc.

Arecaceae Syagrus gouveiana Noblick & Lorenzi

Arecaceae Syagrus graminifolia (Drude) Becc.

Arecaceae Syagrus harleyi Glassman

Arecaceae Syagrus inajai (Spruce) Becc.

Arecaceae Syagrus itacambirana Noblick & Lorenzi

Arecaceae Syagrus kellyana Noblick & Lorenzi

Arecaceae Syagrus lilliputiana (Barb.Rodr.) Becc.

Arecaceae Syagrus loefgrenii Glassman

Arecaceae Syagrus longipedunculata Noblick & Lorenzi

Arecaceae Syagrus lorenzoniorum Noblick & Lorenzi

Arecaceae Syagrus macrocarpa Barb.Rodr.

Arecaceae Syagrus mendanhensis Glassman

Arecaceae Syagrus microphylla Burret

Arecaceae Syagrus minor Noblick & Lorenzi

Arecaceae Syagrus oleracea (Mart.) Becc.

Arecaceae Syagrus petraea (Mart.) Becc.

Arecaceae Syagrus picrophylla Barb.Rodr.

Arecaceae Syagrus pleioclada Burret

Arecaceae Syagrus pleiocladoides Noblick & Lorenzi

Arecaceae Syagrus procumbens Noblick & Lorenzi

Arecaceae Syagrus pseudococos (Raddi) Glassman

Arecaceae Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman

Arecaceae Syagrus rupicola Noblick & Lorenzi

Arecaceae Syagrus ruschiana (Bondar) Glassman

Arecaceae Syagrus sancona H.Karst.

Arecaceae Syagrus schizophylla (Mart.) Glassman

Arecaceae Syagrus smithii (H.E.Moore) Glassman

Arecaceae Syagrus stratincola Wess.Boer

Arecaceae Syagrus vagans (Bondar) A.D.Hawkes

Arecaceae Syagrus vermicularis Noblick

Arecaceae Syagrus werdermannii Burret

Arecaceae Trithrinax Mart.

Arecaceae Trithrinax brasiliensis Mart.

Arecaceae Trithrinax schizophylla Drude

Arecaceae Wendlandiella Dammer

Arecaceae Wendlandiella gracilis Dammer

Arecaceae Wendlandiella gracilis Dammer var. gracilis

Arecaceae Wettinia Poepp. ex Endl.

Arecaceae Wettinia augusta Poepp. & Endl.

Arecaceae Wettinia drudei (O.F.Cook & Doyle) A.J.Hend.

Arecaceae Wettinia maynensis Spruce

Critério de busca: Arecaceae

39 gen. 275 spp. 0 subsp. 41 var.

356 recs in 1 secs.

[Nigel]

Hi all,

According to the study, the world's most biodiverse ecosystem is the Brazilian coastal Atlantic Forest (and not the Amazonic rainforest, as I early imagined). Our "Mata Atlântica" has over 20,000 different accepted botanic species, even after 500 years of destruction, unfortunetly...

I can believe this Gileno.... it stretches over such a range of climate and is incredibly beautiful.

We are lucky here in Santa Catarina because 40% of the original forest remains, the highest % in Brasil I believe.

Joineville must be one of the only cities in the world where on all sides you can only see original forest.

Edited August 27, 2010 by Nigel

[amazondk]

There is no country in the world with such a large land area spanning such a range of tropical and subtropical climates with a wide range of altitudes. Since Brazil is larger than the continental USA I would venture to say that any palm in the world could be grown well in Brazil. Now, if you compare size such as Ecuador to Brazil it is a different story. Ecuador is a small country with a great variation of climates. There is an intersting fact that certain areas of the state of Amazonas have a diversity of flora equal to Ecuador. That is not restricted to palms but to all plants. And, my part of Amazonas is one of them. Our area is at an intersection of forests which increases the species varieties tremendously.

Nigel, the state of Amazonas has 98 percent of it´s original forest cover. And, Amazonia as a whole has about 82 percent of it´s original forest cover. You need to come to Amazonia. You fly for 1 1/2 to 2 hours in any direction from Manaus and all you see is forest.

Gileno from the information that I found there are 30,000 species of plants in Amazonia, Amazonian plants . Not that the Mata Atlantica is not an incredible forest. It is much older than Amazonia. But, in Amazonia there are various forests covering a very large area. I am as I mentioned above in an area where various forests intersect. This map shows the forest zones of Amazonia.

dk

[Nigel]

Nigel, the state of Amazonas has 98 percent of it´s original forest cover. And, Amazonia as a whole has about 82 percent of it´s original forest cover. You need to come to Amazonia. You fly for 1 1/2 to 2 hours in any direction from Manaus and all you see is forest.

dk

Don, I would love to go to Amazonia one of these days. Re % I was referring to the mata atlantica which stretches right up the coast.

[amazondk]

Nigel,

Your are more than welcome when you get a chance. I would love to show you around a bit. You are right I believe as to the Mata Atlantica which only has around 5 percent of it´s orginal land area in forest. I used to go to Santa Catarina a bit in the 90s and it has a lot of forest around and it is a beautiful place.

You can always find a place to hang a hammock around here.

dk

[Nigel]

Nigel,

Your are more than welcome when you get a chance. I would love to show you around a bit. You are right I believe as to the Mata Atlantica which only has around 5 percent of it´s orginal land area in forest. I used to go to Santa Catarina a bit in the 90s and it has a lot of forest around and it is a beautiful place.

You can always find a place to hang a hammock around here.

dk

Unlike the other states SC has protected its forest very well, I beleive this has something to do with laws made many years ago by the large german influence here. It is quite difficult to go anywhere here without having the mata atlantica in view. The road from Florianopolis to Curitiba is quite spectacular.

Once you cross the border and enter Parana it is very different..... the forest disappears.

[Gileno Machado]

There is no country in the world with such a large land area spanning such a range of tropical and subtropical climates with a wide range of altitudes. Since Brazil is larger than the continental USA I would venture to say that any palm in the world could be grown well in Brazil. Now, if you compare size such as Ecuador to Brazil it is a different story. Ecuador is a small country with a great variation of climates. There is an intersting fact that certain areas of the state of Amazonas have a diversity of flora equal to Ecuador. That is not restricted to palms but to all plants. And, my part of Amazonas is one of them. Our area is at an intersection of forests which increases the species varieties tremendously.

Nigel, the state of Amazonas has 98 percent of it´s original forest cover. And, Amazonia as a whole has about 82 percent of it´s original forest cover. You need to come to Amazonia. You fly for 1 1/2 to 2 hours in any direction from Manaus and all you see is forest.

Gileno from the information that I found there are 30,000 species of plants in Amazonia, Amazonian plants . Not that the Mata Atlantica is not an incredible forest. It is much older than Amazonia. But, in Amazonia there are various forests covering a very large area. I am as I mentioned above in an area where various forests intersect. This map shows the forest zones of Amazonia.

dk

Hi Don,

I did read this report from VEJA too but I'm still not convinced if Amazonic rainforest has more botanic species than Mata Atlântica. The official JBR website mentions the oposite and they list all species in every family of plants. Now I know there's still a lot of field work to be done in Amazonas...even remote indian tribes are still being found every year...

Nigel, you guys down in Santa Catarina are lucky because no devastating monocultural crops, like sugarcane and soy are commonly planted in your State. But, I've heard that Santa Catarina farmers are pushing for some changes in the Environmental Laws, such as the distance allowed to remove the natural cover (mata ciliar) from the rivers and water courses, in order th shrink it to 15 meters instead of 30 and 50. Even with predominand small properties in SC, this change will gradually reduce the Forest there, unfortunetly. Up here in Pernambuco, the percentage of Mata Atlântica is less than 5%...and even small fragments of 400 hectares are not easily found anylonger...

[Nigel]

Nigel, you guys down in Santa Catarina are lucky because no devastating monocultural crops, like sugarcane and soy are commonly planted in your State. But, I've heard that Santa Catarina farmers are pushing for some changes in the Environmental Laws, such as the distance allowed to remove the natural cover (mata ciliar) from the rivers and water courses, in order th shrink it to 15 meters instead of 30 and 50. Even with predominand small properties in SC, this change will gradually reduce the Forest there, unfortunetly. Up here in Pernambuco, the percentage of Mata Atlântica is less than 5%...and even small fragments of 400 hectares are not easily found anylonger...

I hope not !!! Already illegal land clearance is a problem ,although this is not on a huge scale and the authorities here are not so corrupt and do take actions.

It is very very dry here,and there has been lots of `accidental ` fires.